tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15850909853597427802024-03-05T13:44:17.048+06:00OfuranEducational tutorials, technology, scholarships, jobs, trending news, telecom, admission, results, products, lifestyle, health gaming news etcBloggerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02200448316648960351noreply@blogger.comBlogger1414125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-35579047421602931972024-02-11T10:03:00.009+06:002024-02-11T10:22:45.328+06:0045th BCS written Computer Science and Engineering ( CSE ) Information Technology ( IT ) and Electrical Engineering ( EEE ) Question <div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsuyYhaxFVDL2NPLXShr0Mw2Vs5C20oVa_cHp9LLrL-dG1CLzKVzMTjVTHjasvX9nNkH_kWal1wemKgJCJWvF1qHiWKNytWuj6V5KlhJV4WxgvVjoYvQuMNmyqXH7XP6X4MVNQ2nUIMBpxR7e8Hq9tmrnyG4ADnUq3WUHlZ3FCEf2wGBcSSkNBMey7OR17/s946/IMG_ORG_1635918144657.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="562" data-original-width="946" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsuyYhaxFVDL2NPLXShr0Mw2Vs5C20oVa_cHp9LLrL-dG1CLzKVzMTjVTHjasvX9nNkH_kWal1wemKgJCJWvF1qHiWKNytWuj6V5KlhJV4WxgvVjoYvQuMNmyqXH7XP6X4MVNQ2nUIMBpxR7e8Hq9tmrnyG4ADnUq3WUHlZ3FCEf2wGBcSSkNBMey7OR17/w373-h221/IMG_ORG_1635918144657.jpeg" width="373" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div>45th BCS written Computer Science and Engineering ( CSE ) , Information Technology ( IT ) and Electrical Engineering ( EEE ) question . 45th BCS written Computer Science and Engineering ( CSE ) , Information Technology ( IT ) and Electrical Engineering ( EEE ) question . 45th BCS written Computer Science and Engineering ( CSE ) , Information Technology ( IT ) and Electrical Engineering ( EEE ) question . 45th BCS written Computer Science and Engineering ( CSE ) , Information Technology ( IT ) and Electrical Engineering ( EEE ) question . 45th BCS written Computer Science and Engineering ( CSE ) , Information Technology ( IT ) and Electrical Engineering ( EEE ) question . 45th BCS written Computer Science and Engineering ( CSE ) , Information Technology ( IT ) and Electrical Engineering ( EEE ) question . 45th BCS written Computer Science and Engineering ( CSE ) , Information Technology ( IT ) and Electrical Engineering ( EEE ) question . 45th BCS written Computer Science and Engineering ( CSE ) , Information Technology ( IT ) and Electrical Engineering ( EEE ) question . 45th BCS written Computer Science and Engineering ( CSE ) , Information Technology ( IT ) and Electrical Engineering ( EEE ) question . 45th BCS written Computer Science and Engineering ( CSE ) , Information Technology ( IT ) and Electrical Engineering ( EEE ) question . 45th BCS written Computer Science and Engineering ( CSE ) , Information Technology ( IT ) and Electrical Engineering ( EEE ) question . <div><br /><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/19lnzfqJaQHEJ1LbYMX1nzOIDk-T7kaT5/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">45th BCS written CSE Question Direct Download Link</a></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><br /></b><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1U4XPNORa6iPeSbeKrcYUxmAp8buaNnm6/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">45th BCS Written IT and EEE question</a></b></h2><div><b><br /></b></div><div>Thanks. </div></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comUnited States37.09024 -95.7128918.780006163821156 -130.869141 65.400473836178847 -60.556641tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-52610463926194966282023-03-27T05:52:00.001+06:002023-03-27T05:52:12.603+06:00what is Computer network? discuss about various Computer network<b>what is Computer network? discuss about various Computer network</b><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div>A computer network is a collection of interconnected computing devices that can communicate with each other to share resources and information. A computer network can be wired or wireless and can range in size from a small local area network (LAN) to a large wide area network (WAN) that spans the globe.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWf9PJLsuISgQUxh8asn6QkvfPywi_mKlJXqUxqeB3c0f3Sf9s9yv51RAoKsEeEBDwK-t0MuIDDuWa7JFJPKUMoBeRIZlhbLdkmdBNv2J93ZfyQt74Qfyo1Dc8uTNEn52tDsTF1QSgcS6lqrlD5tq9pWozk_baTlesQ4WiGhfFsqvxhb7L83XDOEm3jQ/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWf9PJLsuISgQUxh8asn6QkvfPywi_mKlJXqUxqeB3c0f3Sf9s9yv51RAoKsEeEBDwK-t0MuIDDuWa7JFJPKUMoBeRIZlhbLdkmdBNv2J93ZfyQt74Qfyo1Dc8uTNEn52tDsTF1QSgcS6lqrlD5tq9pWozk_baTlesQ4WiGhfFsqvxhb7L83XDOEm3jQ/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div>There are several different types of computer networks, including:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Local Area Network (LAN):</b> A LAN is a network that covers a small geographic area, such as an office or a building. LANs typically use Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi to connect devices.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Wide Area Network (WAN): </b>A WAN is a network that covers a larger geographic area than a LAN, such as a city or a country. WANs typically use long-distance communication technologies like leased lines or satellites to connect devices.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):</b> A MAN is a network that covers a larger area than a LAN but a smaller area than a WAN, such as a city or a town. MANs typically use high-speed fiber optic cables to connect devices.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Personal Area Network (PAN):</b> A PAN is a network that covers a very small area, typically less than 10 meters. PANs are commonly used for wireless devices such as Bluetooth headsets or wireless keyboards.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Storage Area Network (SAN):</b> A SAN is a specialized network that provides high-speed access to storage devices such as hard drives or tape libraries. SANs typically use fiber optic cables and advanced network switches to provide fast and reliable data access.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Virtual Private Network (VPN):</b> A VPN is a network that allows users to access a private network over a public network such as the internet. VPNs typically use encryption and tunneling technologies to provide a secure connection.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Wireless Sensor Network (WSN):</b> A WSN is a network that consists of a large number of wireless sensors that are used to monitor environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, or air quality. WSNs are commonly used in environmental monitoring, agriculture, and industrial automation.</div><div><br /></div><div>In summary, computer networks are an essential part of modern computing, and there are many different types of networks that can be used for different purposes. By connecting devices together, computer networks can provide access to resources and information that would be difficult or impossible to access otherwise, making them an essential part of modern business, research, and communication.</div></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-77675075013763128802023-03-27T05:47:00.005+06:002023-03-27T05:47:59.165+06:00Given an IP address is 172.168.10.0/24, an administrator wants to create 32 subnets, and then find out subnet mask, number of address of each subnet, first and last address of subnet 1, first and last address of subnet 32<b>Given an IP address is 172.168.10.0/24, an administrator wants to create 32 subnets, and then find out subnet mask, number of address of each subnet, first and last address of subnet 1, first and last address of subnet 32</b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaKpID56HjgVbl8PQdSfso-UkRLFYdEYFQ6NuJOOSFm4GNj2xkXtCzyIOg5qQHqbYWvbzSpWW30GcMQ8R0Z3iDRyN57lUbLO74i2Yl6MAZ9Tbnw4cXBvNyy9zEfZKBmsMKr9R8qYbWvM7aaya-pEO3h9K8tJiOBBS4GskPl47TRfQNyryMs4--_v075g/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaKpID56HjgVbl8PQdSfso-UkRLFYdEYFQ6NuJOOSFm4GNj2xkXtCzyIOg5qQHqbYWvbzSpWW30GcMQ8R0Z3iDRyN57lUbLO74i2Yl6MAZ9Tbnw4cXBvNyy9zEfZKBmsMKr9R8qYbWvM7aaya-pEO3h9K8tJiOBBS4GskPl47TRfQNyryMs4--_v075g/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div>To create 32 subnets, we need to borrow 5 bits from the host portion of the IP address. The subnet mask for 32 subnets would be /27 (24 + 5).</div><div><br /></div><div>Subnet mask: 255.255.255.224 (/27)</div><div><br /></div><div>Number of addresses in each subnet: 2^(32-27) - 2 = 30</div><div><br /></div><div>To find the first and last address of each subnet, we can use the following formula:</div><div><br /></div><div>First address = (network address) + 1</div><div>Last address = (broadcast address) - 1</div><div><br /></div><div>The network address of the given IP address (172.168.10.0/24) is 172.168.10.0, and the broadcast address is 172.168.10.255.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>For the first subnet:</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Network address: 172.168.10.0</div><div>First address: 172.168.10.1</div><div>Last address: 172.168.10.30</div><div>Broadcast address: 172.168.10.31</div><div><br /></div><div><b>For the 32nd subnet:</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Network address: 172.168.10.224</div><div>First address: 172.168.10.225</div><div>Last address: 172.168.10.254</div><div>Broadcast address: 172.168.10.255</div></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-12537283180294771062023-03-27T05:38:00.004+06:002023-03-27T05:38:46.671+06:00Difference between ROM and RAM. What are EPROM and EEPROM?<p><b>Difference between ROM and RAM. What are EPROM and EEPROM?</b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">ROM and RAM are two types of computer memory that are used for different purposes. ROM stands for Read-Only Memory, while RAM stands for Random Access Memory.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB18c6FWHZ7DdGzd2vfqrehhwVpEDBuzU2MbdNlJTKOMKNX6Vw7IfqwvLyDJD3tKJ837U1GzFh3U9IaWb2ofOKBMI2L8mVKs5OOYpvpMXH7XyGBGPaKWx3_lJKrCR0gdwv5nPMntJsk266tH7_Y7sno-hQN1_M_fdIKPKVf6OzNxLpbutKL8uOoul2RA/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB18c6FWHZ7DdGzd2vfqrehhwVpEDBuzU2MbdNlJTKOMKNX6Vw7IfqwvLyDJD3tKJ837U1GzFh3U9IaWb2ofOKBMI2L8mVKs5OOYpvpMXH7XyGBGPaKWx3_lJKrCR0gdwv5nPMntJsk266tH7_Y7sno-hQN1_M_fdIKPKVf6OzNxLpbutKL8uOoul2RA/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b>ROM:</b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Non-volatile: ROM is non-volatile memory, meaning that its contents are not lost when the computer is turned off.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Read-only: ROM is read-only memory, meaning that the data stored on it cannot be changed or updated once it has been programmed.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Used for booting: ROM is often used to store the firmware that is used to boot up the computer's hardware and operating system.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Types of ROM: There are different types of ROM, such as PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), and EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b>RAM:</b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Volatile: RAM is volatile memory, meaning that its contents are lost when the computer is turned off.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Read-write: RAM is read-write memory, meaning that the data stored on it can be changed or updated by the computer as needed.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Used for running programs: RAM is used by the computer to store the data and programs that are currently in use, allowing for fast access and processing.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b>EPROM and EEPROM:</b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, while EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. Both are types of non-volatile memory that can be programmed and erased multiple times.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">EPROM: EPROM is programmed and erased using ultraviolet light, which can erase the memory chip so that it can be reprogrammed. It is mainly used for firmware and data storage applications.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">EEPROM: EEPROM is programmed and erased using electrical signals, which can be done while the chip is still installed in the computer. EEPROM is used in a wide range of applications, including storing configuration settings, encryption keys, and other data that needs to be retained even when the power is off.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">In summary, ROM and RAM are two types of computer memory that serve different functions. ROM is used for storing firmware and boot-up code, while RAM is used for running programs and storing data that is being actively used. EPROM and EEPROM are types of non-volatile memory that can be programmed and erased multiple times using different methods.</p>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-59796454531663342922023-03-27T05:35:00.001+06:002023-03-27T05:35:25.365+06:00Write down the features of notebook computers and tablet computers<b>Write down the features of notebook computers and tablet computers</b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggSaysxgV4KF_PcSPVl4RKGDWYHLNEuh7hIwwPp1A7UHYFYefu5JZHiprzDPHWh9PHv5nOEWk2pnlwnFF4msJt-hPbjqH3_XDnnQwrho0qKQpiws7hePddC5gzya8moyOQ9mz9mfB2zh416Fe6YqK3taq3Uvidn3sEaDEd-mnYQRB1s3UNEFBw29jMSQ/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggSaysxgV4KF_PcSPVl4RKGDWYHLNEuh7hIwwPp1A7UHYFYefu5JZHiprzDPHWh9PHv5nOEWk2pnlwnFF4msJt-hPbjqH3_XDnnQwrho0qKQpiws7hePddC5gzya8moyOQ9mz9mfB2zh416Fe6YqK3taq3Uvidn3sEaDEd-mnYQRB1s3UNEFBw29jMSQ/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div>Notebook computers and tablet computers are both popular types of portable computers that are designed for on-the-go use. Here are some of the features of each type:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Notebook computers:</b></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Keyboard:</b> Notebook computers typically have a built-in keyboard, which makes typing and data entry easier.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Screen size:</b> Notebook computers typically have larger screens than tablet computers, ranging from 12 to 17 inches.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Processing power:</b> Notebook computers usually have more processing power and memory than tablet computers, which allows for faster performance and the ability to run more complex applications.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Ports:</b> Notebook computers usually have a variety of ports, including USB, HDMI, and Ethernet, which allow for easy connectivity to external devices.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Battery life:</b> Notebook computers typically have longer battery life than tablets, ranging from 4 to 10 hours depending on usage.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Operating system:</b> Notebook computers typically run full-featured operating systems, such as Windows or MacOS, which provide a more robust computing experience.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Tablet computers:</b></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Touchscreen:</b> Tablet computers are designed to be operated via touch, using a touchscreen interface that allows for easy navigation and input.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Screen size:</b> Tablet computers typically have smaller screens than notebooks, ranging from 7 to 12 inches.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Processing power:</b> Tablet computers have less processing power and memory than notebook computers, which limits their ability to run complex applications.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Ports:</b> Tablet computers usually have fewer ports than notebooks, typically only including a charging port and a headphone jack.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Battery life:</b> Tablet computers typically have shorter battery life than notebooks, ranging from 2 to 8 hours depending on usage.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Operating system:</b> Tablet computers usually run mobile operating systems, such as Android or iOS, which are optimized for touch-based input and have a simplified user interface.</div><div><br /></div><div>In summary, notebook computers and tablet computers each have their own set of features and trade-offs. Notebook computers are generally more powerful and versatile, with larger screens and more connectivity options, while tablet computers are designed for portability and ease of use, with smaller screens and touch-based interfaces.</div></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-21778328474776987662023-03-27T05:32:00.002+06:002023-03-27T05:32:26.962+06:00What is a computer virus? Name of the five software that are used to prevent the virus.<b>What is a computer virus? Name of the five software that are used to prevent the virus</b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQHonlt2t3a-WFjK7WDi36-W2osoPjQ2t64UAB59j6YwgFvnGbasz4LaNqcCCzksr3ORr_PsCdisiyOo_ZgBbyqHHlo9IydAVSntL7T_q9TUZMlesFR9GDEQqYFkTg2HsWkqwDMn0i4YLLKJXHvlYGvBvFcXXWNUDRUpkD2fpM-JZ4i689QLd31NgFKg/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQHonlt2t3a-WFjK7WDi36-W2osoPjQ2t64UAB59j6YwgFvnGbasz4LaNqcCCzksr3ORr_PsCdisiyOo_ZgBbyqHHlo9IydAVSntL7T_q9TUZMlesFR9GDEQqYFkTg2HsWkqwDMn0i4YLLKJXHvlYGvBvFcXXWNUDRUpkD2fpM-JZ4i689QLd31NgFKg/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div>A computer virus is a type of malicious software (malware) that is designed to replicate itself and spread from one computer to another, often with the intention of causing harm to the system or stealing sensitive information. A virus can infect a computer system through email attachments, downloaded files, infected software, or compromised websites.</div><div><br /></div><div>Here are five software programs that can be used to prevent viruses:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Antivirus software:</b> Antivirus software is a program that is designed to detect and remove viruses from a computer system. It scans files and emails for potential threats and can quarantine or remove infected files.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Firewall software:</b> Firewall software is a program that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic. It can block unauthorized access to a computer system and prevent viruses from spreading through network connections.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Anti-malware software:</b> Anti-malware software is a program that is designed to detect and remove various types of malware, including viruses, spyware, and adware. It can scan a computer system for potential threats and remove them before they cause harm.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Email filtering software:</b> Email filtering software is a program that filters incoming and outgoing email messages for potential threats. It can block spam, phishing attempts, and infected email attachments that could contain viruses.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Browser security software:</b> Browser security software is a program that provides additional security measures for web browsing. It can block malicious websites, prevent downloads from untrusted sources, and scan downloaded files for potential threats.</div><div><br /></div><div>There are many software programs available that can help prevent viruses, and it's important to regularly update these programs to ensure maximum protection against new and emerging threats.</div></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-62149803216292241752023-03-27T05:26:00.006+06:002023-03-27T05:26:28.012+06:00What are the main differences between software and hardware? Discuss with examples<span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">What are the main differences between software and hardware? Discuss with examples</span><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggSaysxgV4KF_PcSPVl4RKGDWYHLNEuh7hIwwPp1A7UHYFYefu5JZHiprzDPHWh9PHv5nOEWk2pnlwnFF4msJt-hPbjqH3_XDnnQwrho0qKQpiws7hePddC5gzya8moyOQ9mz9mfB2zh416Fe6YqK3taq3Uvidn3sEaDEd-mnYQRB1s3UNEFBw29jMSQ/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggSaysxgV4KF_PcSPVl4RKGDWYHLNEuh7hIwwPp1A7UHYFYefu5JZHiprzDPHWh9PHv5nOEWk2pnlwnFF4msJt-hPbjqH3_XDnnQwrho0qKQpiws7hePddC5gzya8moyOQ9mz9mfB2zh416Fe6YqK3taq3Uvidn3sEaDEd-mnYQRB1s3UNEFBw29jMSQ/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><div>Software and hardware are two fundamental components of a computer system that work together to enable the computer to perform various tasks and functions. The main differences between software and hardware are:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Definition:</b> Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system that can be seen and touched, while software refers to the instructions and programs that tell the hardware what to do.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Tangibility:</b> Hardware is tangible and can be physically touched and seen, while software is intangible and cannot be touched.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Persistence:</b> Hardware remains the same until it is physically changed or replaced, while software can be modified, updated, and replaced without changing the hardware.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Interdependence:</b> Hardware and software are interdependent, and neither can function without the other. Hardware provides a platform for software to run on, while software controls the hardware and enables it to perform specific tasks.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Examples of hardware</b> include the CPU, RAM, hard drive, motherboard, graphics card, and input/output devices such as keyboards, mice, and monitors. These components can be physically touched and seen, and they are responsible for executing software instructions and storing data.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Examples of software</b> include the operating system, applications, and utilities. The operating system is a software program that manages the computer's hardware resources and provides a platform for other software applications to run on. Applications are software programs that perform specific tasks, such as word processing, photo editing, and video games. Utilities are software programs that help manage and optimize the computer system, such as antivirus software, disk cleanup tools, and backup utilities.</div><div><br /></div><div>In summary, hardware and software are two essential components of a computer system that work together to perform tasks and functions. Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, while software refers to the instructions and programs that tell the hardware what to do.</div></span></span></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-71245487380364647522023-03-27T05:23:00.008+06:002023-03-27T05:23:54.040+06:00Enter the name and overview of the main hardware components of a computer<span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><b>Enter the name and overview of the main hardware components of a computer</b></span><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaKpID56HjgVbl8PQdSfso-UkRLFYdEYFQ6NuJOOSFm4GNj2xkXtCzyIOg5qQHqbYWvbzSpWW30GcMQ8R0Z3iDRyN57lUbLO74i2Yl6MAZ9Tbnw4cXBvNyy9zEfZKBmsMKr9R8qYbWvM7aaya-pEO3h9K8tJiOBBS4GskPl47TRfQNyryMs4--_v075g/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaKpID56HjgVbl8PQdSfso-UkRLFYdEYFQ6NuJOOSFm4GNj2xkXtCzyIOg5qQHqbYWvbzSpWW30GcMQ8R0Z3iDRyN57lUbLO74i2Yl6MAZ9Tbnw4cXBvNyy9zEfZKBmsMKr9R8qYbWvM7aaya-pEO3h9K8tJiOBBS4GskPl47TRfQNyryMs4--_v075g/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><div><b>The main hardware components of a computer are:</b></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Central Processing Unit (CPU):</b> The CPU is the "brain" of the computer and is responsible for processing data and instructions. It is located on the motherboard and consists of a control unit, an arithmetic logic unit, and a cache memory.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Random Access Memory (RAM):</b> RAM is a type of volatile memory that stores data and program code that is currently being used by the CPU. It allows the CPU to access data quickly, and the amount of RAM affects the performance of the computer.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid State Drive (SSD):</b> The hard drive is the primary storage device of the computer, where data and programs are stored permanently. The HDD stores data on spinning magnetic disks, while the SSD uses non-volatile flash memory to store data.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Motherboard:</b> The motherboard is the main circuit board that connects all the hardware components of the computer. It contains the CPU, RAM, and expansion slots for additional components.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Power Supply Unit (PSU):</b> The PSU provides power to the computer's hardware components, converting the AC power from the wall outlet into DC power that is used by the computer.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):</b> The GPU is responsible for rendering graphics and video, and it can be integrated into the CPU or a separate dedicated card.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Input and Output Devices:</b> Input devices allow users to interact with the computer, such as keyboards, mice, and touchscreens. Output devices display information, such as monitors, speakers, and printers.</div><div><br /></div><div>These components work together to process and store data, and enable the computer to perform various tasks and functions.</div></span></span></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-3560841389766993462023-03-27T05:21:00.002+06:002023-03-27T05:21:39.756+06:00What is the bit? How many bits are a terabyte?<span style="color: #343541; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What's the bit? How many bits are a terabyte?</b></span><div><span style="color: #343541; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #343541; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">A bit is the smallest unit of digital information that a computer can store or process. It can have a value of either 0 or 1.
A terabyte (TB) is a unit of digital storage that represents 1 trillion bytes. Since 1 byte is equal to 8 bits, a terabyte is equal to 8 trillion bits.
Therefore, there are 8 trillion bits in a terabyte.</span></span></div><div><span style="color: #343541; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNPAb7Udao31uiCOtYE1YYHVZmd0zAnPLNqpJ9aDSj_P62jytyw0akUbBmHpksk0yvV_2xlM68o7g-ZbqNOqeN5PH1tw_IsVWtpJtQcgCaSSqL2wBzZq2rBtB5jQ46IadGxzLyLuxG1AdUJGDdqwH0BPMCHayAV7VUDh3zaa67jLkLcRDulXCNOqZYHw/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNPAb7Udao31uiCOtYE1YYHVZmd0zAnPLNqpJ9aDSj_P62jytyw0akUbBmHpksk0yvV_2xlM68o7g-ZbqNOqeN5PH1tw_IsVWtpJtQcgCaSSqL2wBzZq2rBtB5jQ46IadGxzLyLuxG1AdUJGDdqwH0BPMCHayAV7VUDh3zaa67jLkLcRDulXCNOqZYHw/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /></span></span></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-11760402026443561622023-03-27T05:17:00.005+06:002023-03-27T05:19:18.336+06:00Describe what works in a computer s boot-up process<div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Describe what works in a computer's boot-up process</b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq6sz-h1Bmu0HRhsR1Jx-aoXo3S7wQthzcIc-MuCtkUVpSTLAXIJSOZl8O1RNjB00IoOGGNP9VagWzPangooMblZ5Hj8iq3oCMIVBj-_nwAyRJ58gJ213D4gwEDVLsNSafooz_Aef4ZR48TqO21oE19HHXh7oegzRSBNLzyCOmU57PRy_l6sRqy6VoCw/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq6sz-h1Bmu0HRhsR1Jx-aoXo3S7wQthzcIc-MuCtkUVpSTLAXIJSOZl8O1RNjB00IoOGGNP9VagWzPangooMblZ5Hj8iq3oCMIVBj-_nwAyRJ58gJ213D4gwEDVLsNSafooz_Aef4ZR48TqO21oE19HHXh7oegzRSBNLzyCOmU57PRy_l6sRqy6VoCw/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The boot-up process of a computer is the series of steps that occur from the moment the power button is pressed to when the operating system is fully loaded and ready to use. The boot-up process can be divided into several stages:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Power On Self Test (POST):</b> The first step in the boot-up process is the POST, which is a series of diagnostic tests that are performed by the computer's firmware to check the hardware components such as the CPU, RAM, hard drive, and other connected devices. If any hardware problem is detected, an error message is displayed, and the boot process stops.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>BIOS Initialization:</b> Once the POST is completed, the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is initialized. The BIOS is a firmware that is installed on a chip on the motherboard and provides low-level control over the hardware. During initialization, the BIOS checks the system configuration, sets up the memory, and initializes the hardware devices.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Bootloader:</b> After the BIOS initializes the system, it looks for the bootloader. The bootloader is a program that is responsible for loading the operating system into the computer's memory. The bootloader is typically stored on the hard drive or other bootable storage devices, such as a USB drive or CD/DVD.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Operating System:</b> Once the bootloader is located, it loads the operating system into the memory. The operating system then takes over control of the system and initializes its own drivers and services.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Login:</b> After the operating system is fully loaded, the user is prompted to enter a username and password to access the system.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">In summary, the boot-up process of a computer involves a series of steps, including the Power On Self Test (POST), BIOS initialization, bootloader loading, operating system loading, and login. These steps ensure that the computer hardware and software are initialized and working correctly, enabling the user to use the system.</div></span></span></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-85763851402379116552023-03-27T05:14:00.000+06:002023-03-27T05:14:04.397+06:00Write the difference between RAM and ROM<p><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Write the difference between RAM and ROM</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjYvdvdxGf53qzPr_fXrPjIwZ4zASkTq9oEdOlwepMBsSViu8PkT2yMQMDYFVwSr0qplFQMMipIALtlmu7EDxhUpgA-S7CWUkxhwpIsRYxfSg97w_ggY5r4uHDaXplT_dqqB3Tt5VPvOqAgw95XhbnR3hfI3ZjKmXKqcVZfU_bc5bsJWt9s7fUrvLJIw/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjYvdvdxGf53qzPr_fXrPjIwZ4zASkTq9oEdOlwepMBsSViu8PkT2yMQMDYFVwSr0qplFQMMipIALtlmu7EDxhUpgA-S7CWUkxhwpIsRYxfSg97w_ggY5r4uHDaXplT_dqqB3Tt5VPvOqAgw95XhbnR3hfI3ZjKmXKqcVZfU_bc5bsJWt9s7fUrvLJIw/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory) are both types of computer memory, but they have some key differences:</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Volatility:</b> RAM is volatile memory, which means that it loses its contents when the power is turned off or interrupted, whereas ROM is non-volatile memory, which means that it retains its contents even when the power is turned off.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Function:</b> RAM is used to temporarily store data and program code that is currently being used by the computer's CPU, while ROM is used to store firmware and other essential programs that are used to boot up the computer and perform low-level system functions.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Read and Write Access:</b> RAM is both readable and writable, which means that data can be both stored and retrieved from it. On the other hand, ROM is read-only, which means that data cannot be written to it once it is programmed, but it can be read from it.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Capacity:</b> RAM capacity can be expanded by adding more memory modules, whereas ROM capacity is limited to the amount of memory chips installed on the computer's motherboard or other hardware components.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Speed:</b> RAM is generally faster than ROM since it uses electronic circuits to read and write data, while ROM uses physical circuits.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Cost:</b> RAM is generally more expensive than ROM since it requires more advanced technology to manufacture and is used in greater quantities.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span></span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">In summary, RAM is a volatile, temporary memory used to store data and program code, while ROM is non-volatile, permanent memory used to store firmware and other essential programs. RAM is both readable and writable, while ROM is read-only. RAM is faster and more expensive than ROM, and RAM capacity can be expanded, whereas ROM capacity is limited.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></p>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-84059050710510377062023-03-27T05:11:00.000+06:002023-03-27T05:11:07.059+06:00Distinguish between OMR and MICR<p><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><b>Distinguish between OMR and MICR</b></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjYvdvdxGf53qzPr_fXrPjIwZ4zASkTq9oEdOlwepMBsSViu8PkT2yMQMDYFVwSr0qplFQMMipIALtlmu7EDxhUpgA-S7CWUkxhwpIsRYxfSg97w_ggY5r4uHDaXplT_dqqB3Tt5VPvOqAgw95XhbnR3hfI3ZjKmXKqcVZfU_bc5bsJWt9s7fUrvLJIw/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjYvdvdxGf53qzPr_fXrPjIwZ4zASkTq9oEdOlwepMBsSViu8PkT2yMQMDYFVwSr0qplFQMMipIALtlmu7EDxhUpgA-S7CWUkxhwpIsRYxfSg97w_ggY5r4uHDaXplT_dqqB3Tt5VPvOqAgw95XhbnR3hfI3ZjKmXKqcVZfU_bc5bsJWt9s7fUrvLJIw/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">OMR (Optical Mark Recognition) and MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) are two different technologies used in the field of data processing. The main differences between OMR and MICR are:</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Definition: </b>OMR is a technology that is used to read and interpret human marks or check-boxes on paper forms, whereas MICR is a technology that is used to read and interpret characters that are printed with magnetic ink.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Application:</b> OMR is primarily used in areas such as surveys, voting ballots, and attendance tracking systems, whereas MICR is primarily used in banking systems for processing checks and other financial documents.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Input Method:</b> OMR uses a special pen or pencil to fill in check-boxes or bubbles, whereas MICR requires special magnetic ink to print characters in a specific font.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Reading Method:</b> OMR uses optical sensors to detect the presence or absence of marks on the paper, while MICR uses magnetic sensors to read the magnetic characters printed on the paper.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Processing Speed:</b> OMR is faster than MICR in terms of data processing speed since it can process large volumes of data in a short period, whereas MICR is relatively slower than OMR.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Error Rate:</b> OMR has a higher error rate than MICR, as human errors in marking forms can lead to misinterpretation, whereas MICR has a very low error rate due to the use of a standardized font and ink.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span></span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">In summary, OMR is primarily used for reading human marks, while MICR is used for reading magnetic characters. OMR is faster, but has a higher error rate, whereas MICR is slower but has a lower error rate.</span></p>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-32122020995051288672023-03-27T05:08:00.010+06:002023-03-27T05:08:44.462+06:00Suppose you are entering data into computer but facing some problem with your monitor. You need to buy a new monitor. What factor should you consider in case of monitor? <span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><b>Suppose you are entering data into computer but facing some problem with your monitor. You need to buy a new monitor. What factor should you consider in case of monitor? </b></span><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjYvdvdxGf53qzPr_fXrPjIwZ4zASkTq9oEdOlwepMBsSViu8PkT2yMQMDYFVwSr0qplFQMMipIALtlmu7EDxhUpgA-S7CWUkxhwpIsRYxfSg97w_ggY5r4uHDaXplT_dqqB3Tt5VPvOqAgw95XhbnR3hfI3ZjKmXKqcVZfU_bc5bsJWt9s7fUrvLJIw/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjYvdvdxGf53qzPr_fXrPjIwZ4zASkTq9oEdOlwepMBsSViu8PkT2yMQMDYFVwSr0qplFQMMipIALtlmu7EDxhUpgA-S7CWUkxhwpIsRYxfSg97w_ggY5r4uHDaXplT_dqqB3Tt5VPvOqAgw95XhbnR3hfI3ZjKmXKqcVZfU_bc5bsJWt9s7fUrvLJIw/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b>Size:</b> The size of the monitor is important to consider, as it can affect your comfort and productivity while working on the computer. Larger monitors provide more screen real estate, but smaller monitors can be more affordable and more portable.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b>Resolution:</b> The resolution of the monitor determines the sharpness and clarity of the display. Higher resolutions mean more pixels and sharper images, but they may also require more powerful graphics hardware to display smoothly.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b>Refresh rate:</b> The refresh rate is the number of times per second that the monitor can update the image on the screen. Higher refresh rates can result in smoother motion and less eye strain, but they may also require more powerful graphics hardware to achieve.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b>Panel type:</b> There are several different panel types available, including TN, IPS, and VA. Each panel type has its own strengths and weaknesses, such as viewing angles, color accuracy, and response time.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b>Connectivity:</b> It is important to consider the connectivity options available on the monitor, such as HDMI, DisplayPort, and VGA, to ensure that it can be easily connected to your computer and other devices.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b>Price:</b> Finally, the price of the monitor is an important consideration, as it will ultimately determine how much you are willing to spend on your new monitor. It is important to balance cost with features and performance to get the best value for your money.</div></div><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-77747286963775720402023-03-27T05:05:00.001+06:002023-03-27T05:05:30.751+06:00Define system software and application software with three examples of each<span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><b>Define system software and application software with three examples of each</b></span><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjYvdvdxGf53qzPr_fXrPjIwZ4zASkTq9oEdOlwepMBsSViu8PkT2yMQMDYFVwSr0qplFQMMipIALtlmu7EDxhUpgA-S7CWUkxhwpIsRYxfSg97w_ggY5r4uHDaXplT_dqqB3Tt5VPvOqAgw95XhbnR3hfI3ZjKmXKqcVZfU_bc5bsJWt9s7fUrvLJIw/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjYvdvdxGf53qzPr_fXrPjIwZ4zASkTq9oEdOlwepMBsSViu8PkT2yMQMDYFVwSr0qplFQMMipIALtlmu7EDxhUpgA-S7CWUkxhwpIsRYxfSg97w_ggY5r4uHDaXplT_dqqB3Tt5VPvOqAgw95XhbnR3hfI3ZjKmXKqcVZfU_bc5bsJWt9s7fUrvLJIw/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><div>System software refers to the software programs that manage and control the computer hardware and provide services to other software programs. On the other hand, application software is designed to perform specific tasks for the user. Here are three examples of each:</div><div><br /></div><div><b>System Software:</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Operating systems (OS) such as Windows, Linux, and macOS</div><div>Device drivers that enable communication between the computer and its peripheral devices such as printers, scanners, and cameras</div><div>Utility software that helps manage and maintain the computer system such as antivirus software, disk defragmenters, and system optimizers.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Application Software:</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Word processors like Microsoft Word, Google Docs, and LibreOffice Writer</div><div>Multimedia software like Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Premiere, and Audacity</div><div>Productivity software like Trello, Asana, and Microsoft Excel.</div></span></span></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-49715123120699380012023-03-27T05:03:00.001+06:002023-03-27T05:03:14.458+06:00write 10 differences between cache memory and virtual memory<span style="color: #343541; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>write 10 differences between cache memory and virtual memory</b></span><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq6sz-h1Bmu0HRhsR1Jx-aoXo3S7wQthzcIc-MuCtkUVpSTLAXIJSOZl8O1RNjB00IoOGGNP9VagWzPangooMblZ5Hj8iq3oCMIVBj-_nwAyRJ58gJ213D4gwEDVLsNSafooz_Aef4ZR48TqO21oE19HHXh7oegzRSBNLzyCOmU57PRy_l6sRqy6VoCw/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq6sz-h1Bmu0HRhsR1Jx-aoXo3S7wQthzcIc-MuCtkUVpSTLAXIJSOZl8O1RNjB00IoOGGNP9VagWzPangooMblZ5Hj8iq3oCMIVBj-_nwAyRJ58gJ213D4gwEDVLsNSafooz_Aef4ZR48TqO21oE19HHXh7oegzRSBNLzyCOmU57PRy_l6sRqy6VoCw/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="color: #343541; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #343541; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Purpose:</b> Cache memory is a high-speed memory that stores frequently accessed data to improve system performance, whereas virtual memory is a technique that enables a computer to use more memory than it physically has by temporarily transferring data from the RAM to the hard disk.
<b>Size:</b> Cache memory is much smaller than virtual memory, typically ranging from a few kilobytes to several megabytes, while virtual memory can range from a few gigabytes to terabytes.
<b>Location:</b> Cache memory is located on the CPU or between the CPU and the main memory, whereas virtual memory is a portion of the hard disk reserved for this purpose.
<b>Speed: </b>Cache memory is faster than virtual memory because it is located closer to the CPU and has a smaller access time.
<b>Cost: </b>Cache memory is more expensive than virtual memory because it is faster and more specialized.
<b>Control:</b> Cache memory is managed by the CPU or the memory controller, while virtual memory is managed by the operating system.
<b>Access:</b> Cache memory is accessed automatically by the CPU without the need for explicit instructions, while virtual memory is accessed through the operating system's memory management unit.
<b>Persistence: </b>Cache memory is volatile, meaning that its contents are lost when the power is turned off, while virtual memory is non-volatile, meaning that its contents are preserved even when the power is turned off.
<b>Usage: </b>Cache memory is used to reduce the latency between the CPU and the main memory, while virtual memory is used to allow the computer to use more memory than it physically has.
<b>Impact on performance: </b>Cache memory can have a significant impact on performance by reducing the number of times the CPU needs to access the main memory, while virtual memory can have a negative impact on performance if it is overused, leading to excessive paging and thrashing.</span></span></div><div><span style="color: #343541; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-28938588326802758432023-03-26T16:31:00.010+06:002023-03-26T17:27:50.210+06:00What is computer bus? What is the unit of measurement of speed of computer bus? Describe about various types of computer bus.<span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><b>What is computer bus? What is the unit of measurement of speed of computer bus? Describe about various types of computer bus.</b></span><div><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><div><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBUh9Qo1KZK6jIuwusVRNM7irbJzT3HYxGurAK8WsUQbslhQzTqPXp7QbIMZ8vrFxd02Cqh-5U1-H_itPwXhh1Qb8IHg0GxqKn28d9PpEuAZDsVujKHBgOU_B8Lx6czYKh3o8Bk9Ny7f75bEw0B9NthZJUrllXtMSqY_49ERTt5dv_PoaNA5ufEeZ_aw/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBUh9Qo1KZK6jIuwusVRNM7irbJzT3HYxGurAK8WsUQbslhQzTqPXp7QbIMZ8vrFxd02Cqh-5U1-H_itPwXhh1Qb8IHg0GxqKn28d9PpEuAZDsVujKHBgOU_B8Lx6czYKh3o8Bk9Ny7f75bEw0B9NthZJUrllXtMSqY_49ERTt5dv_PoaNA5ufEeZ_aw/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></span><div><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div></b></span><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><div>A computer bus is a communication pathway that connects different components of a computer system, allowing them to exchange data and instructions with each other. The bus acts as a shared communication link between the components, allowing for efficient and effective communication between them.</div><div><br /></div><div>The unit of measurement for the speed of a computer bus is bits per second (bps) or bytes per second (Bps). This refers to the rate at which data can be transferred across the bus.</div><div><br /></div><div><i>There are several types of computer buses, including:</i></div><div><br /></div><div><b>System bus:</b> The system bus is the main communication pathway between the CPU and other components of the computer, such as memory and input/output devices. It is divided into the address bus, data bus, and control bus, which are responsible for carrying addresses, data, and control signals respectively.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus:</b> The PCI bus is a high-speed bus that connects peripheral devices to the motherboard of the computer. It is used for devices such as graphics cards, sound cards, and network cards.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Universal Serial Bus (USB) bus:</b> The USB bus is a standardized bus used for connecting external devices to the computer, such as printers, scanners, and external hard drives. It provides a high-speed, hot-swappable connection between devices and the computer.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) bus:</b> The SCSI bus is a high-speed bus used for connecting hard drives, tape drives, and other storage devices to the computer. It provides a high-speed, parallel connection that can support multiple devices.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus:</b> The ISA bus was one of the earliest types of computer buses and was used for connecting peripheral devices to the computer. It has since been replaced by newer, faster buses such as PCI.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) bus:</b> The AGP bus is a high-speed bus used for connecting graphics cards to the motherboard of the computer. It provides a high-speed, dedicated connection that allows for fast graphics processing.</div><div><br /></div><div>In summary, a computer bus is a communication pathway that connects different components of a computer system, allowing them to exchange data and instructions. There are several types of computer buses, each with their own characteristics and uses, including the system bus, PCI bus, USB bus, SCSI bus, ISA bus, and AGP bus.</div></span></span></div></div></div></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-22087604309775295192023-03-26T16:28:00.003+06:002023-03-26T17:28:11.661+06:00Write down the necessary components of a USB bus <span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #343541; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Write down the necessary components of a USB bus</b> </span><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuvIiTh79KauJuHp-aKHnOE0VpO59bZi4fE5wsx_sVgMhnzGw8hpUpgIZOtght8WERq9hVTQ167HwqErkcjxnF2-VfHsImAJyZhzX9y1uRZJSdy2IeY5UiZ1sUjT_5KaQDubXAvzQR-KeHpgRWU2bjFTC5J8XGulutDGPF98_Gk6-48wIWZ-e6mWINqg/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuvIiTh79KauJuHp-aKHnOE0VpO59bZi4fE5wsx_sVgMhnzGw8hpUpgIZOtght8WERq9hVTQ167HwqErkcjxnF2-VfHsImAJyZhzX9y1uRZJSdy2IeY5UiZ1sUjT_5KaQDubXAvzQR-KeHpgRWU2bjFTC5J8XGulutDGPF98_Gk6-48wIWZ-e6mWINqg/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #343541; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #343541;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a standard interface used to connect devices to a computer system. The USB bus consists of several components, including:
<b>Host controller: </b>The USB host controller is the component responsible for managing the USB bus and controlling communication between USB devices and the computer. The host controller can be integrated into the motherboard of the computer or can be a separate add-on card.
<b>USB connectors:</b> The USB connectors are the physical ports on the computer or device that are used to connect USB devices. There are several types of USB connectors, including USB Type-A, Type-B, Type-C, and Mini-USB.
<b>USB cables:</b> The USB cables are used to connect USB devices to the USB connectors on the computer or device. USB cables come in different lengths and types, and the type of cable used depends on the type of USB connector on the device.
<b>USB devices: </b>The USB devices are the peripherals or devices that are connected to the USB bus, such as keyboards, mice, printers, external hard drives, and flash drives. USB devices have their own internal controllers that communicate with the USB host controller to exchange data and instructions.
<b>USB hubs:</b> A USB hub is a device that allows multiple USB devices to be connected to a single USB port on the computer or device. USB hubs have their own internal controller that communicates with the USB host controller to manage the flow of data between devices.
<b>USB drivers: </b>USB drivers are software programs that enable the computer to communicate with USB devices. When a USB device is connected to a computer for the first time, the appropriate USB driver must be installed to enable communication between the device and the computer.
In summary, the necessary components of a USB bus include the host controller, USB connectors, USB cables, USB devices, USB hubs, and USB drivers. These components work together to provide a standard interface for connecting devices to a computer system.</span></span></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-15168400062423134962023-03-26T16:25:00.001+06:002023-03-26T17:28:31.394+06:00Explain how cache memory is used to increase the processing speed of computer<span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #343541; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Explain how cache memory is used to increase the processing speed of computer</span><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSoufd5oDaqU9rnaZpePVm6ihV_ulS7zVRCFcT5aQt6kxj3gx7Rd2lCGOOOTdTGnL2YZuxein7NCprOy4PDmn5eeOrUyKRIYdR_Hv-stl8xBCCdl-9StW0MsMSGL9kZqIhR5G7EMnJ9AhPEFCpMEmK0b7eN5P1mjhHvnA40dBuCFtIwG4e8kcvKL-lhg/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSoufd5oDaqU9rnaZpePVm6ihV_ulS7zVRCFcT5aQt6kxj3gx7Rd2lCGOOOTdTGnL2YZuxein7NCprOy4PDmn5eeOrUyKRIYdR_Hv-stl8xBCCdl-9StW0MsMSGL9kZqIhR5G7EMnJ9AhPEFCpMEmK0b7eN5P1mjhHvnA40dBuCFtIwG4e8kcvKL-lhg/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #343541; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #343541;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Cache memory is a type of high-speed memory that is integrated into the CPU (Central Processing Unit) of a computer system, and it is used to increase the processing speed of the computer by reducing the time it takes to access data.
When the CPU needs to access data or instructions from memory, it typically first checks the cache memory before accessing the main memory (RAM). The cache memory is much faster than RAM, and it stores frequently used data and instructions.
The cache memory is divided into several levels, with the L1 cache being the smallest and fastest, followed by the larger but slower L2 cache, and sometimes an L3 cache as well. Each level of cache is designed to hold different amounts of data, and the CPU checks the cache levels in a specific order, starting with the smallest and fastest cache and then moving on to the larger and slower caches.
When the CPU finds the required data or instructions in the cache memory, it is called a cache hit. In this case, the CPU can access the data or instructions quickly and efficiently, without having to wait for the data to be fetched from the main memory. This results in faster processing speeds and improved overall system performance.
However, if the required data or instructions are not found in the cache memory, it is called a cache miss. In this case, the CPU must access the main memory to retrieve the data or instructions, which takes much longer and slows down the processing speed of the computer.
In summary, cache memory is used to increase the processing speed of a computer by storing frequently used data and instructions in a high-speed memory that is integrated into the CPU. When the CPU needs to access data or instructions, it first checks the cache memory before accessing the main memory, resulting in faster processing speeds and improved overall performance.</span></span></div>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-69647748650403612212023-03-26T16:21:00.005+06:002023-03-26T17:28:51.160+06:00“Pentium processor has a superscalar architecture” - Explain the meaning of this statement<p><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #343541; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>“Pentium processor has a superscalar architecture”</b> - Explain the meaning of this statement</span></p><p><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #343541;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">The statement "Pentium processor has a superscalar architecture" refers to a particular design of the CPU (Central Processing Unit) used in Intel Pentium processors, which is capable of executing multiple instructions in parallel.
</span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #343541;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg2VIrI-5r3LIWxJlzlJYIKq88XIPfaJeHsyIdod-fvDg5fydt6jIAiHqFhhIi3jHvt_OLDpINrjt6btsJS788UlrSJPVhEGMhY33KfYkN2hfLa6Q3S1fHc5aUhGV8jjZVYQix_FZ6JscsnRHuIitX7i8hPoYw--WfD_rM7G631y_X5xzVtcRJ10zXAw/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg2VIrI-5r3LIWxJlzlJYIKq88XIPfaJeHsyIdod-fvDg5fydt6jIAiHqFhhIi3jHvt_OLDpINrjt6btsJS788UlrSJPVhEGMhY33KfYkN2hfLa6Q3S1fHc5aUhGV8jjZVYQix_FZ6JscsnRHuIitX7i8hPoYw--WfD_rM7G631y_X5xzVtcRJ10zXAw/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></span></div><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #343541;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br />
In a superscalar architecture, the CPU has multiple execution units, allowing it to perform more than one instruction at a time. This is achieved by breaking down instructions into smaller pieces and then executing them simultaneously, taking advantage of the available execution units.
For example, a superscalar processor might include separate arithmetic logic units (ALUs) for performing arithmetic operations and a separate unit for performing memory operations, such as loading or storing data. When multiple instructions are available, the CPU can dispatch them to the appropriate execution units, and these units can operate simultaneously, improving the overall performance of the processor.
The superscalar architecture is designed to take advantage of instruction-level parallelism, which means that some instructions can be executed independently of others. This allows the CPU to perform more work in a given amount of time, resulting in faster processing speeds and improved overall performance.
In summary, a superscalar architecture allows a CPU to execute multiple instructions in parallel, by breaking down instructions into smaller pieces and utilizing multiple execution units. The Pentium processor is an example of a CPU that uses a superscalar architecture, which contributes to its high performance and efficiency.</span></span><p></p>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-45394356284514547962023-03-26T16:19:00.003+06:002023-03-26T17:29:12.736+06:00Explain the functions of ALU and Control Unit of a computer<p><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #343541; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Explain the functions of ALU and Control Unit of a computer</b></span></p><p><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #343541;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and Control Unit are two critical components of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer system. Each has its own unique function that helps the CPU execute instructions and perform computations. Here are the functions of ALU and Control Unit in a computer:
</span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #343541;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJYdwo5jEzKhd3cWeT6dZ7DYPnZisgIMb_sKnHmZhmnj1Pqg5GxP6869EAjAlkRjMu-ZxuoU1tooZ_G9kGJ42YwErIQXrfhMPJ8WCmSWryCB22ptc5rDqGNrMW53CXLR-XyT606PaBoeCiV_XnYOBUYL4JIHOXjNdlpTp7d7gOAMm2bb_dD4GlypiPBA/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJYdwo5jEzKhd3cWeT6dZ7DYPnZisgIMb_sKnHmZhmnj1Pqg5GxP6869EAjAlkRjMu-ZxuoU1tooZ_G9kGJ42YwErIQXrfhMPJ8WCmSWryCB22ptc5rDqGNrMW53CXLR-XyT606PaBoeCiV_XnYOBUYL4JIHOXjNdlpTp7d7gOAMm2bb_dD4GlypiPBA/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></span></div><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #343541;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br />
<b>ALU:</b> The ALU is responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations on data. These operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, AND, OR, XOR, and NOT operations. The ALU receives data from memory or registers, performs the required operation, and then sends the result back to the memory or registers. The ALU is also responsible for performing comparison operations, which are used to determine if two values are equal, greater than, or less than each other.
<b>Control Unit:</b> The Control Unit is responsible for managing the flow of instructions and data between different components of the CPU. It retrieves instructions from memory and decodes them, determining which operation should be performed by the ALU or other CPU components. The Control Unit also manages the sequence of operations performed by the CPU, ensuring that instructions are executed in the correct order. Additionally, the Control Unit manages the input and output operations of the CPU, which involve transferring data to and from external devices such as keyboards, mice, and displays.
In summary, the ALU and Control Unit work together to perform calculations and execute instructions in a computer system. The ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations on data, while the Control Unit manages the flow of instructions and data between different CPU components. Together, they form the heart of the CPU and are critical to the overall functioning of the computer system.</span></span><p></p>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-31157233746254880782023-03-26T16:16:00.001+06:002023-03-26T17:29:38.657+06:00Differentiate between system software and application software<p><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><b>Differentiate between system software and application software</b></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7WzIMoxfIEXIYQxM0pVdB5cP4Akrsfyueyl74tbn-HeXLpDPn8qNK60PiBs1TGr1SM-TSH_B6c3tqTrHXikgoLWslHM48VEjbvoVv-5dCmdGqBqDcBmuTD6Ua3Ni2acZpnxr06YDGDXO4JxDRKpdizpBT-XP4UyzUKZJA_G6wh_Qx6onnvsn-AtlEMg/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7WzIMoxfIEXIYQxM0pVdB5cP4Akrsfyueyl74tbn-HeXLpDPn8qNK60PiBs1TGr1SM-TSH_B6c3tqTrHXikgoLWslHM48VEjbvoVv-5dCmdGqBqDcBmuTD6Ua3Ni2acZpnxr06YDGDXO4JxDRKpdizpBT-XP4UyzUKZJA_G6wh_Qx6onnvsn-AtlEMg/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #757575; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /><b><br /></b></span><p></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">System software and application software are two types of software that serve different purposes. The main differences between the two are:</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Purpose:</b> System software is designed to manage and control the computer hardware and provide a platform for running application software. Application software, on the other hand, is designed to perform specific tasks or functions for the user.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Scope:</b> System software is typically installed and managed by the computer manufacturer or IT department, and it is essential for the operation of the computer system. Application software, on the other hand, is installed by the user to perform specific tasks or functions, such as word processing, photo editing, or gaming.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Interaction with hardware:</b> System software interacts directly with the computer hardware, such as the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Application software interacts with the system software and uses its resources to perform its tasks.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>User Interface</b>: System software often has little or no user interface and operates in the background, managing the computer's resources and providing services to application software. Application software, on the other hand, has a user interface that allows the user to interact with the software and perform specific tasks.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Updates and Maintenance:</b> System software requires regular updates and maintenance to ensure that it remains compatible with the hardware and other software components of the computer system. Application software also requires updates, but they are primarily focused on fixing bugs, adding new features, or improving performance.</span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span></span></p><p><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">In summary, system software and application software are two distinct types of software that serve different purposes. System software manages the computer hardware and provides a platform for running application software, while application software performs specific tasks or functions for the user.</span></p>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-79304961295548441342023-03-26T16:10:00.011+06:002023-03-26T17:30:00.868+06:00What are the building blocks of a digital computer? Describe each unit briefly with their functions<p><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #343541; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>What are the building blocks of a digital computer? Describe each unit briefly with their functions.</b></span></p><p><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #343541; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #343541; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ3kJKRckx-EIKVQATit-c-yZJ_FBDSk4DQbikXCK512hFzqzGZ8HRXZzSHY9EtrA7uRz5ZTf-nit871RVzpuT5BencZFsLT1oTMvc-rzdXSPlW4hkY9G-VnNmFP2r0jhtoA1hw6Q0NvV5yIQuJmOlRpp1KHHw3QZ5sdxXKUIlndBkath_sfmWKDequw/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ3kJKRckx-EIKVQATit-c-yZJ_FBDSk4DQbikXCK512hFzqzGZ8HRXZzSHY9EtrA7uRz5ZTf-nit871RVzpuT5BencZFsLT1oTMvc-rzdXSPlW4hkY9G-VnNmFP2r0jhtoA1hw6Q0NvV5yIQuJmOlRpp1KHHw3QZ5sdxXKUIlndBkath_sfmWKDequw/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #343541; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /><b><br /></b></span><p></p><p><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #343541;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>The building blocks of a digital computer include:</u></b>
<b>Input Devices:</b> Input devices are used to provide data or instructions to the computer system. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones. The input devices convert human-readable information into a digital format that the computer can process.
<b>Central Processing Unit (CPU):</b> The CPU is the brain of the computer and is responsible for executing instructions. It performs arithmetic and logical operations on data, manages system resources, and controls the flow of data between the computer's different components.
<b>Memory:</b> Memory is used to store data and instructions temporarily. The memory is divided into two types: Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read-Only Memory (ROM). RAM is used to store data and instructions that are currently in use, while ROM stores data and instructions that cannot be changed.
<b>Output Devices:</b> Output devices are used to display or present the results of the computer's processing. Examples of output devices include monitors, printers, and speakers. The output devices convert digital data into a human-readable format.
<b>Storage Devices:</b> Storage devices are used to store data and instructions permanently. Examples of storage devices include hard disk drives, solid-state drives, and optical disks. The storage devices retain data even when the computer is turned off.
<b>System Bus:</b> The system bus is used to transfer data and instructions between the different components of the computer system. It consists of several wires that carry data, address, and control signals.
<b>Power Supply:</b> The power supply is responsible for providing electricity to the computer system. It converts the alternating current (AC) from the wall outlet into the direct current (DC) that the computer requires.
In summary, the building blocks of a digital computer include input devices, the CPU, memory, output devices, storage devices, the system bus, and the power supply. Each component plays a critical role in the computer's functioning, and together they form a complex system that can perform a wide range of tasks.</span></span></p>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-64320215272243712192023-03-26T16:00:00.004+06:002023-03-26T17:30:22.291+06:00Write functions of CPU elaborately <p><b>Write functions of CPU elaborately </b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-jOgGitVm6RTTUroCzsRraFVPB9livV-WldRe6BC9-U_ps36V5W9slppQUqJa-liCbic0Hlb3agMq6mXCYJEKQ0Ty98DsjDdscC1Gv1Cb_n9Gz6UHt1OcWLWcVYnJXiXuBiDD4K3Y7UJbFbeWtuWnnbv0dF4ZkmHYmQfxCkx29AN2ISfo0LkOPO9Zug/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-jOgGitVm6RTTUroCzsRraFVPB9livV-WldRe6BC9-U_ps36V5W9slppQUqJa-liCbic0Hlb3agMq6mXCYJEKQ0Ty98DsjDdscC1Gv1Cb_n9Gz6UHt1OcWLWcVYnJXiXuBiDD4K3Y7UJbFbeWtuWnnbv0dF4ZkmHYmQfxCkx29AN2ISfo0LkOPO9Zug/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p>The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the primary component of a computer system that performs most of the processing tasks. It acts as the brain of the computer and is responsible for executing instructions, performing arithmetic and logical operations, and managing system resources. The following are the functions of the CPU in more detail:</p><p><b>Fetching Instructions:</b> The CPU fetches instructions from the main memory, which are stored in a program or an operating system. It reads the next instruction to be executed from memory and stores it in a register called the Instruction Pointer (IP).</p><p><b>Decoding Instructions:</b> Once an instruction is fetched, the CPU decodes it to determine what operation needs to be performed. The instruction is translated into a set of machine language operations that the CPU can execute.</p><p><b>Executing Instructions:</b> After decoding the instruction, the CPU performs the operation specified by the instruction. The operation can be an arithmetic operation, such as addition or subtraction, or a logical operation, such as a comparison or a conditional jump.</p><p><b>Managing System Resources:</b> The CPU manages system resources, such as memory and input/output (I/O) devices. It allocates memory to running programs, schedules tasks to be executed, and controls the flow of data between the CPU and I/O devices.</p><p><b>Interrupt Handling:</b> The CPU can respond to interrupts, which are signals sent by hardware devices or software programs to request its attention. When an interrupt occurs, the CPU temporarily suspends the current task and switches to the interrupt handler to handle the request.</p><p><b>Clock Management: </b>The CPU synchronizes its operations with the system clock, which generates a series of electrical pulses at a regular interval. The clock signal determines the speed at which the CPU operates, and the CPU executes instructions in synchronization with the clock signal.</p><p><b>Cache Management:</b> The CPU has a small amount of memory called the cache, which is used to store frequently accessed data and instructions. The CPU manages the cache to ensure that data and instructions are readily available for execution.</p><p>In summary, the CPU functions as the brain of a computer system, executing instructions, managing resources, responding to interrupts, and synchronizing its operations with the system clock. Its ability to perform these functions efficiently and accurately is crucial to the performance of the computer system.</p>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comUnited States37.09024 -95.7128918.780006163821156 -130.869141 65.400473836178847 -60.556641tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-74585328506154355482023-03-26T15:56:00.008+06:002023-03-26T17:30:40.665+06:00How Optical disk data Read/Write operation happen ? <p><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"" style="color: #343541; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>How Optical disk data Read/Write operation happen ? </b></span></p><p><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #343541;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Optical disks, such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs, use laser technology to read and write data. The process involves several steps:
</span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #343541;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9fDHHATSTUTf6riM-nu_DESbP55nUk2qkCs8nBNRtIOkGaHbAMKlPYAAs8A4zKCAnxv9cNluu69miE1eRmafK4sxRM0zi4LOBmJqR4ivMUMgjF1EqsT8HhbGAuGvofgJjplkEWWNGBUPvK6GQ-2_6Vz_7GF_2-_6Sa5ZFYXjgkNkXFx0Mvf052q4YiA/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9fDHHATSTUTf6riM-nu_DESbP55nUk2qkCs8nBNRtIOkGaHbAMKlPYAAs8A4zKCAnxv9cNluu69miE1eRmafK4sxRM0zi4LOBmJqR4ivMUMgjF1EqsT8HhbGAuGvofgJjplkEWWNGBUPvK6GQ-2_6Vz_7GF_2-_6Sa5ZFYXjgkNkXFx0Mvf052q4YiA/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></span></div><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #343541;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br />
<b>Data Encoding:</b> Before the data can be stored on an optical disk, it needs to be encoded. This is usually done using a process called "pits and lands" or "bumps and flat areas." The data is represented by a series of bumps or pits on the surface of the disk, which the laser can read.
<b>Writing Data:</b> When writing data to an optical disk, a laser is used to create the bumps or pits on the surface of the disk. The laser is focused on a small spot on the surface of the disk, and the intensity of the laser is modulated to create the bumps or pits. The laser is usually very precise and can create bumps or pits that are less than a micrometer in size.
<b>Reading Data:</b> When reading data from an optical disk, a laser is used to scan the surface of the disk. The laser is directed at the surface of the disk and reflected off the bumps or pits. The reflected light is then collected by a detector and converted into an electrical signal, which is interpreted as data.
<b>Error Correction:</b> Optical disks use error correction codes to ensure that data is read correctly. These codes allow the laser to detect and correct errors that may occur during the reading process. If the error cannot be corrected, the drive may retry reading the data or report an error to the user.
Overall, optical disk data Read/Write operations are achieved by precise laser technology and error correction codes, ensuring the accurate storage and retrieval of data.</span></span><p></p><p><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #343541;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></p>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1585090985359742780.post-68945863685915418302023-03-26T15:49:00.004+06:002023-03-26T17:31:10.984+06:00How can improve the performance of computer in memory?<p><b>How can improve the performance of computer in memory?</b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga_Jpdl2HWF0fDRHIaK_Wxxad2Vnxqj_7LWYOWg8CEmRUO_fcCPpW1prRM8zyt639PLxOJrod5z38fAXTn7IaTIfACKOez_uroD0dLeFMRyXNhSju2ramejnM41nRqMVOdeLEpEr4YGNuWLKNfALzYrB0xhZOs86CoxexAgsGlk8novKMXqM0z9oelng/s770/new%20post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="770" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga_Jpdl2HWF0fDRHIaK_Wxxad2Vnxqj_7LWYOWg8CEmRUO_fcCPpW1prRM8zyt639PLxOJrod5z38fAXTn7IaTIfACKOez_uroD0dLeFMRyXNhSju2ramejnM41nRqMVOdeLEpEr4YGNuWLKNfALzYrB0xhZOs86CoxexAgsGlk8novKMXqM0z9oelng/s320/new%20post.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p>There are several ways to improve the performance of a computer's memory:</p><p><b>Increase the amount of memory (RAM):</b> Adding more RAM to a computer can significantly improve its performance. This allows the computer to store more data in memory, which can reduce the need to access the slower hard drive.</p><p><b>Use faster memory:</b> DDR4 is faster than DDR3, for example. Upgrading to faster memory can improve the computer's performance.</p><p><b>Use a solid-state drive (SSD):</b> Solid-state drives are faster than traditional hard drives, which can improve the computer's overall performance. However, they are more expensive than traditional hard drives and may not offer as much storage space.</p><p><b>Optimize software: </b>Optimizing software can help reduce the amount of memory it uses, which can improve overall performance. Close unnecessary programs, remove unnecessary files, and disable startup programs that you don't need.</p><p><b>Upgrade the CPU:</b> A faster processor can improve the computer's overall performance, including its memory performance.</p><p><b>Update your operating system:</b> Updates can improve the efficiency of the operating system, which can improve memory performance.</p><p><b>Use dual-channel memory:</b> Dual-channel memory improves memory bandwidth, which can improve overall performance. Check your motherboard manual to see if it supports dual-channel memory.</p><p><b>Adjust virtual memory settings:</b> Virtual memory is a section of the hard drive that is used to supplement RAM. Adjusting virtual memory settings can improve performance by allocating more space on the hard drive for virtual memory.</p><p>Overall, improving memory performance involves a combination of hardware upgrades and software optimization.</p>Mamuns.Addresshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12660076965553445613noreply@blogger.com